Results for 'Michael W. Gray'

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  1.  81
    Comment on “Does constructive neutral evolution play an important role in the origin of cellular complexity?” DOI 10.1002/bies.201100010. [REVIEW]W. Ford Doolittle, Julius Lukeš, John M. Archibald, Patrick J. Keeling & Michael W. Gray - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (6):427-429.
  2.  43
    Meeting Newell's other challenge: Cognitive architectures as the basis for cognitive engineering.Wayne D. Gray, Michael J. Schoelles & Christopher W. Myers - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (5):609-610.
    We use the Newell Test as a basis for evaluating ACT-R as an effective architecture for cognitive engineering. Of the 12 functional criteria discussed by Anderson & Lebiere (A&L), we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of ACT-R on the six that we postulate are the most relevant to cognitive engineering.
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  3.  31
    Not just a hijack: Imaginary worlds can enhance individual and group-level fitness.Danica Wilbanks, Jordan W. Moon, Brent Stewart, Kurt Gray & Michael E. W. Varnum - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e305.
    Why has fiction been so successful over time? We make the case that fiction may have properties that enhance both individual and group-level fitness by (a) allowing risk-free simulation of important scenarios, (b) effectively transmitting solutions to common problems, and (c) enhancing group cohesion through shared consumption of fictive worlds.
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  4.  78
    Meanings of Pain: Volume 2: Common Types of Pain and Language.Marc A. Russo, Joletta Belton, Bronwyn Lennox Thompson, Smadar Bustan, Marie Crowe, Deb Gillon, Cate McCall, Jennifer Jordan, James E. Eubanks, Michael E. Farrell, Brandon S. Barndt, Chandler L. Bolles, Maria Vanushkina, James W. Atchison, Helena Lööf, Christopher J. Graham, Shona L. Brown, Andrew W. Horne, Laura Whitburn, Lester Jones, Colleen Johnston-Devin, Florin Oprescu, Marion Gray, Sara E. Appleyard, Chris Clarke, Zehra Gok Metin, John Quintner, Melanie Galbraith, Milton Cohen, Emma Borg, Nathaniel Hansen, Tim Salomons & Grant Duncan - 2019 - Springer Verlag.
    Experiential evidence shows that pain is associated with common meanings. These include a meaning of threat or danger, which is experienced as immediately distressing or unpleasant; cognitive meanings, which are focused on the long-term consequences of having chronic pain; and existential meanings such as hopelessness, which are more about the person with chronic pain than the pain itself. This interdisciplinary book - the second in the three-volume Meanings of Pain series edited by Dr Simon van Rysewyk - aims to better (...)
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  5. Aronowicz, Annette (1998) Jews and Christmas on Time and Eternity: Charles Péguy's Portrait of Bernard-Lazard. Standford, CA: Stanford University Press, 185 pp. Cole-Turner, Ronald, ed.(1997) Human Cloning: Religious Responses. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 151 pp. [REVIEW]Paul W. Diener, Louis DuPré, James C. Edwards, Ronald L. Farmer, Michael Gelven, Mary C. Grey, Colin E. Gunton, Clark T.&T. & Larry A. Hickman - 1998 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 44:190-192.
     
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  6. Promoting coherent minimum reporting guidelines for biological and biomedical investigations: the MIBBI project.Chris F. Taylor, Dawn Field, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Jan Aerts, Rolf Apweiler, Michael Ashburner, Catherine A. Ball, Pierre-Alain Binz, Molly Bogue, Tim Booth, Alvis Brazma, Ryan R. Brinkman, Adam Michael Clark, Eric W. Deutsch, Oliver Fiehn, Jennifer Fostel, Peter Ghazal, Frank Gibson, Tanya Gray, Graeme Grimes, John M. Hancock, Nigel W. Hardy, Henning Hermjakob, Randall K. Julian, Matthew Kane, Carsten Kettner, Christopher Kinsinger, Eugene Kolker, Martin Kuiper, Nicolas Le Novere, Jim Leebens-Mack, Suzanna E. Lewis, Phillip Lord, Ann-Marie Mallon, Nishanth Marthandan, Hiroshi Masuya, Ruth McNally, Alexander Mehrle, Norman Morrison, Sandra Orchard, John Quackenbush, James M. Reecy, Donald G. Robertson, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Henry Rodriguez, Heiko Rosenfelder, Javier Santoyo-Lopez, Richard H. Scheuermann, Daniel Schober, Barry Smith & Jason Snape - 2008 - Nature Biotechnology 26 (8):889-896.
    Throughout the biological and biomedical sciences there is a growing need for, prescriptive ‘minimum information’ (MI) checklists specifying the key information to include when reporting experimental results are beginning to find favor with experimentalists, analysts, publishers and funders alike. Such checklists aim to ensure that methods, data, analyses and results are described to a level sufficient to support the unambiguous interpretation, sophisticated search, reanalysis and experimental corroboration and reuse of data sets, facilitating the extraction of maximum value from data sets (...)
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  7. Conscious and nonconscious discrimination of facial expressions.Catherine M. Herba, Maike Heining, Andrew W. Young, Michael Browning, Philip J. Benson, Mary L. Phillips & Jeffrey A. Gray - 2007 - Visual Cognition 15 (1):36-47.
  8.  20
    Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems.Wayne D. Gray (ed.) - 2007 - Oxford University Press.
    The field of cognitive modeling has progressed beyond modeling cognition in the context of simple laboratory tasks and begun to attack the problem of modeling it in more complex, realistic environments, such as those studied by researchers in the field of human factors. The problems that the cognitive modeling community is tackling focus on modeling certain problems of communication and control that arise when integrating with the external environment factors such as implicit and explicit knowledge, emotion, cognition, and the cognitive (...)
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  9.  55
    An electro‐mechanical »animal«.W. Grey Walter - 1950 - Dialectica 4 (3):206-213.
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  10.  30
    A Concordance of Buddhist Birth Stories.Stephanie W. Jamison & Leslie Grey - 2003 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 123 (3):708.
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  11.  36
    A Case for Investigating the Ethics of Artificial Life?Inari Thiel, Neil W. Bergmann & William Grey - 2003 - In H. Abbass & J. Wiles (eds.), Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Artificial Life. The University of New South Wales. pp. 276-287.
    A major stream of Artificial Life research aims to build synthetic life forms, operating in virtual worlds, implemented as computer programs. A clear long-term target for this research is the evolution of digital life-forms with a complexity of structure and behaviour analogous to biological life-forms, potentially exhibiting intelligence and self-awareness. The creation of intelligent, self-aware digital life-forms has clear ethical implications, but there is no current research into how these ethical issues might be addressed. This paper argues that such ethical (...)
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  12.  15
    Sacrifice in the Old Testament: Its Theory and Practice.G. W. Ahlström, George Buchanan Gray, Baruch A. Levine, Harry M. Orlinsky & G. W. Ahlstrom - 1973 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 93 (3):397.
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  13. Michael W. Howard -- utopianism and nuclear deterrence.Michael W. Howard - 1984 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 10 (3-4):53-65.
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  14.  67
    Attention and Performance Limitations Michael W. Eysenck and Mark T. Keane.Michael W. Eysenck - 2002 - In Daniel J. Levitin (ed.), Foundations of Cognitive Psychology: Core Readings. MIT Press. pp. 363.
  15.  42
    The soft constraints hypothesis: A rational analysis approach to resource allocation for interactive behavior.Wayne D. Gray, Chris R. Sims, Wai-Tat Fu & Michael J. Schoelles - 2006 - Psychological Review 113 (3):461-482.
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  16. Anxiety and Performance: The Processing Efficiency Theory.Michael W. Eysenck & Manuel G. Calvo - 1992 - Cognition and Emotion 6 (6):409-434.
  17.  43
    J.S. Mill's on Liberty in Focus.John Gray & G. W. Smith (eds.) - 1991 - Routledge.
    This volume brings together J.S. Mills _On Liberty_ and a selection of important essays by such eminent scholars as Isaiah Berlin, Alan Ryan, John Rees, C.L. Ten and Richard Wollheim. As well as providing authoritative commentary upon _On Liberty_, the essays reflect a broader debate about the philosophical foundations of Mill's liberalism, particularly the question of the connection betweenMill's professed utilitarianism and his commitment to individual liberty. Introduced and edited by John Gray and G.W. Smith, the book will be (...)
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  18. Kant, liberal legacies, and foreign affairs.Michael W. Doyle - 1983 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 12 (3):205-235.
  19.  25
    Laboratory Animal Husbandry: Ethology, Welfare, and Experimental Variables.Michael W. Fox - 1986 - State University of New York Press.
    The laboratory animal environment: room for concern.
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  20. Defining the method of reflective equilibrium.Michael W. Schmidt - 2024 - Synthese 203 (5):1-22.
    The method of reflective equilibrium (MRE) is a method of justification popularized by John Rawls and further developed by Norman Daniels, Michael DePaul, Folke Tersman, and Catherine Z. Elgin, among others. The basic idea is that epistemic agents have justified beliefs if they have succeeded in forming their beliefs into a harmonious system of beliefs which they reflectively judge to be the most plausible. Despite the common reference to MRE as a method, its mechanisms or rules are typically expressed (...)
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  21. Leaders, Values, and Organizational Climate: Examining Leadership Strategies for Establishing an Organizational Climate Regarding Ethics.Michael W. Grojean, Christian J. Resick, Marcus W. Dickson & D. Brent Smith - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 55 (3):223-241.
    This paper examines the critical role that organizational leaders play in establishing a values based climate. We discuss seven mechanisms by which leaders convey the importance of ethical values to members, and establish the expectations regarding ethical conduct that become engrained in the organizations climate. We also suggest that leaders at different organizational levels rely on different mechanisms to transmit values and expectations. These mechanisms then influence members practices and expectations, further increase the salience of ethical values and result in (...)
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  22.  36
    Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor.Michael W. Kraus, Paul K. Piff, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, Michelle L. Rheinschmidt & Dacher Keltner - 2012 - Psychological Review 119 (3):546-572.
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  23.  36
    Computing the Meanings of Words in Reading: Cooperative Division of Labor Between Visual and Phonological Processes.Michael W. Harm & Mark S. Seidenberg - 2004 - Psychological Review 111 (3):662-720.
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  24.  34
    Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: Insights from connectionist models.Michael W. Harm & Mark S. Seidenberg - 1999 - Psychological Review 106 (3):491-528.
  25.  44
    Algorithmic reparation.Michael W. Yang, Apryl Williams & Jenny L. Davis - 2021 - Big Data and Society 8 (2).
    Machine learning algorithms pervade contemporary society. They are integral to social institutions, inform processes of governance, and animate the mundane technologies of daily life. Consistently, the outcomes of machine learning reflect, reproduce, and amplify structural inequalities. The field of fair machine learning has emerged in response, developing mathematical techniques that increase fairness based on anti-classification, classification parity, and calibration standards. In practice, these computational correctives invariably fall short, operating from an algorithmic idealism that does not, and cannot, address systemic, Intersectional (...)
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  26.  15
    The Theoretical Individual: Imagination, Ethics and the Future of Humanity.Michael Charles Tobias & Jane Gray Morrison - 2018 - Springer Verlag.
    How can the one influence the many? From posing seminal questions about what comprises a human individual, to asking whether human evolution is alive and well, favoring individuals or the species, this work is a daring, up-to-the-minute overview of an urgent, multidisciplinary premise. It explores the extent to which human history provides empirical evidence for the capacity of an individual to exert meaningful suasion over their species, and asks: Can an individual influence the survival of the human species and the (...)
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  27.  21
    Justifying a Curriculum and Justifying an Institution.W. N. Gray & J. F. Wyatt - 1985 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 2 (1):63-68.
    ABSTRACT The recent revival of interest in theory leads the writers to examine a particular moment when a curriculum and the institution in which it occurred was explained and justified. Max Horkheimer's inaugural address to the Institute for Social Research in 1931 is summarised. The points made by the new Director of the Institute are examined in relation not only to his proposal for an inter‐disciplinary curriculum, but also to the nature of the institution and to the general justification of (...)
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  28. Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights.Kevin W. Gray (ed.) - 2023 - Springer.
     
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  29. Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism, and Socialism.Michael W. Doyle - 1997 - W W Norton & Company.
    Examines political philosophies of the classic theorists as a means to understand international dilemmas in the post-Cold War world.
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  30.  35
    Implications of synaesthesia for functionalism: Theory and experiments.Joe Gray, Susan Chopping, Julia Nunn, David Parslow, Lloyd Gregory, Steve Williams, Michael J. Brammer & Simon Baron-Cohen - 2002 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 9 (12):5-31.
    Functionalism offers an account of the relations that hold between behavioural functions, information and neural processing, and conscious experience from which one can draw two inferences: for any discriminable difference between qualia there must be an equivalent discriminable difference in function; and for any discriminable functional difference within a behavioural domain associated with qualia, there must be a discriminable difference between qualia. The phenomenon of coloured hearing synaesthesia appears to contradict the second of these inferences. We report data showing that (...)
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  31.  20
    Conceptions of Parenthood: Ethics and the Family.Michael W. Austin - 2007 - Routledge.
    Provides a philosophical analysis of the numerous and distinct conceptions of parenthood. This work considers such issues as the nature and justification of parental rights, the sources of parental obligations, the value of autonomy, and the moral obligations and tensions present within interpersonal relationships.
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  32.  31
    Political Theology and the Theology of Politics: Carl Schmitt and Medieval Christian Political Thought1.Phillip W. Gray - 2007 - Humanitas 20 (1-2):175-200.
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  33. Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs, Part 2.Michael W. Doyle - 1983 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 12 (4):323 - 353.
  34. Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition: from Algorithm to Curriculum.Michael W. Kibby & William J. Rapaport - 2014 - In Michael W. Kibby & William J. Rapaport (eds.), Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition: from Algorithm to Curriculum. pp. 107-150.
    Deliberate contextual vocabulary acquisition (CVA) is a reader’s ability to figure out a (not the) meaning for an unknown word from its “context”, without external sources of help such as dictionaries or people. The appropriate context for such CVA is the “belief-revised integration” of the reader’s prior knowledge with the reader’s “internalization” of the text. We discuss unwarranted assumptions behind some classic objections to CVA, and present and defend a computational theory of CVA that we have adapted to a new (...)
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  35. Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality.Michael W. Hoffman & Jennifer Mills Moore - 1984 - Journal of Business Ethics 3 (3):184-206.
     
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  36.  61
    Is human aging still mysterious enough to be left only to scientists?Aubrey D. N. J. de Grey, John W. Baynes, David Berd, Christopher B. Heward, Graham Pawelec & Gregory Stock - 2002 - Bioessays 24 (7):667-676.
    The feasibility of reversing human aging within a matter of decades has traditionally been dismissed by all professional biogerontologists, on the grounds that not only is aging still poorly understood, but also many of those aspects that we do understand are not reversible by any current or foreseeable therapeutic regimen. This broad consensus has recently been challenged by the publication, by five respected experimentalists in diverse subfields of biogerontology together with three of the present authors, of an article (Ann NY (...)
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  37.  65
    The Politics of the textbook.Michael W. Apple & Linda K. Christian-Smith (eds.) - 1991 - New York: Routledge.
    The Politics of the Texbook analyzes the factors that shape production, distribution and reception of school texts through original essays which emphasize the double-edged quality of textbooks. Textbooks are viewed as systems of moral regulation in the struggle of powerful groups to build political and cultural accord. They are also regarded as the site of popular resistance around discloding the interest underlying schoolknowledge and incorporating alternative traditions.
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  38.  20
    Reversal of a visual illusion of length perception.W. H. Tedford & C. F. Gray - 1976 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 7 (1):63-64.
  39.  22
    The Householder's World: Purity, Power, and Dominance in a Nepali Village.Michael Mühlich, John Gray & Michael Muhlich - 1998 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 118 (1):150.
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  40.  22
    When one cause casts doubt on another: A normative analysis of discounting in causal attribution.Michael W. Morris & Richard P. Larrick - 1995 - Psychological Review 102 (2):331-355.
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  41. Pierre Bayle and the Secularization of Conscience.Michael W. Hickson - 2018 - Journal of the History of Ideas 79 (2):199-220.
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  42.  48
    Cilician Inscriptions.E. W. Gray - 1972 - The Classical Review 22 (03):398-.
  43.  56
    Rawls and the Problem of Honour.Kevin W. Gray - 2012 - Philosophia 40 (2):213-222.
    In this paper, I consider the difficult relationship between Rawls, religion and the values that religious believers might consider important in order to lead the good life. Contrary to many of Rawls’ defenders, I argue that at least some of the values that religious citizens are likely to hold cannot be accounted for under Rawls’ theory or under his conception of the good life. I argue that the model of goods which Rawls takes to be part of a thin theory (...)
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  44.  40
    The End of the Roman Republic.E. W. Gray - 1969 - The Classical Review 19 (03):325-.
  45.  6
    U.S. Energy Policy and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1980s: Report of the Atlantic Council's Energy Policy Committee.John E. Gray, Henry H. Fowler & Joseph W. Harned - 1988 - Upa.
    Originally published by Ballinger, this book is a result of an Atlantic Council study of U.S. international relationships on energy. It examines the uncertainties of a political, strategic, economic, and technological nature that are involved in energy supply, as well as the unavoidable certainty of finite resources.
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  46. Theodicy and Toleration in Bayle’s Dictionary.Michael W. Hickson - 2013 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 51 (1):49-73.
    Theodicy and Toleration Seem at first glance to be an unlikely pair of topics to treat in a single paper. Toleration usually means putting up with beliefs or actions with which one disagrees, and it is practiced because the beliefs or actions in question are not disagreeable enough to justify interference. It is usually taken to be a topic for moral and political philosophy. Theodicy, on the other hand, is the attempt to solve the problem of evil; that is, to (...)
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  47.  17
    Superpigs and Wondercorn: The Brave New World of Biotechnology and Where It All May Lead.Michael W. Fox - 1992 - Lyons & Burford.
    Michael W. Fox, the respected Vice President of the Humane Society of the United States, here looks at the biogenetic controversy and draws some troubling conclusions. Biogenetic research is capable of producing new life forms whose effects may alter the intricate balance of Nature in ways no one can foretell. "Superpigs" that grow larger than any pig before, cows that breed on an accelerated cycle, "new" vegetables, tomatoes that won't freeze - such new life forms can now be patented, (...)
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  48.  22
    Prescriptions for productive female domesticity in a transitional era: Germany's Hausmütterliteratur, 1780–1840.Marion W. Gray - 1987 - History of European Ideas 8 (4-5):413-426.
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  49. Two complaints about undemocratic exclusion.Sean W. D. Gray - 2024 - In Archon Fung & Sean W. D. Gray (eds.), Empowering affected interests: democratic inclusion in a globalized world. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  50. A Brief History of Problems of Evil.Michael W. Hickson - 2014 - In Justin P. McBrayer & Daniel Howard-Snyder (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to The Problem of Evil. Wiley. pp. 3-18.
    While evil has always fascinated philosophers, it is only in modern times that the existence of evil has been seen as a serious challenge to belief in the existence of a powerful and benevolent God. In order to demonstrate this, the following chapter traces the historical emergence of what philosophers today call “the problem of evil” through an analysis of the writings of Plato, Epicurus, Sextus Empiricus, Augustine, Aquinas, Calvin, Descartes, Bayle, and Hume.
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